The effect of self-regulation from biofeedback exercises on learning dart throwing skill under pressure conditions

Authors

Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to investigate Effect of self-regulation from biofeedback exercises on the learning of dart throwing skill under pressure conditions. Participants were 28 undergraduate male students of the University of Tehran who were selected in an accessible manner as they were right-handed and had no experience in dart throwing and working with biofeedback devices. These numbers were randomly divided into four groups of visual, auditory, combined and control biofeedback. The number of biofeedback training sessions was 4 sessions with pre-test, post-test and retention sessions in 4 weeks. The results of analysis of covariance and mixed analysis of variance with repeated measures showed that visual, auditory and combined biofeedback training had a significant effect on the learning of dart throwing skills under pressure (P <0/05). According to the research findings, it is suggested to use biofeedback of temperature and galvanic response of the skin, visually, audibly or in combination, to learn darts throwing skills and skills similar to and close to darts throwing skills, as well as feedback of biofeedback sessions. Prioritize the combination biofeedback to see the best results.


Keywords


1- Schmidt R, Lee T.(2011). Motor control and learning (5th ed.). Champaign. IL: Human Kinetics Publishers, 226.
2- Raymond J, Sajid I, Parkinson LA, Gruzelier JH.(2005). Biofeedback and dance performance: A preliminary investigation. Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback, 30(1):65-73.
3- Perry FD, Shaw L, Zaichkowsky L.(2011). Biofeedback and neurofeedback in sports. Biofeedback, 39(3):95-100.
4- Paul M, Ganesan S, Sandhu JS, Sciences B.(2011). Effect of sensory motor rhythm neurofeedback on psycho-physiological, electro-encephalographic measures and performance of archery players. Ibnosina Journal of Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, 4(2):32-9.
5- Arns M, Kleinnijenhuis M, Fallahpour K, Breteler R.(2008). Golf performance enhancement and real-life neurofeedback training using personalized event-locked EEG profiles. Journal of Neurotherapy, 11(4):11-8.
6- Gruzelier J, Thompson T, Redding E, Brandt R, Steffert T.(2014). Application of alpha/theta neurofeedback and heart rate variability training to young contemporary dancers: State anxiety and creativity. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 93(1):105-11.
7- Xiang M-Q, Hou X-H, Liao B-G, Liao J-W, Hu M.(2018). The effect of neurofeedback training for sport performance in athletes: A meta-analysis. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 36 (1268):114–22.
8- Park SH, Park J, Park HN, Park HM, Song JY.(2018). Flexible galvanic skin response sensor based on vertically aligned silver nanowires. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 273:804-8.
21- Raaben M, Holtslag HR, Leenen LP, Augustine R, Blokhuis T.(2018). Real-time visual biofeedback during weight bearing improves therapy compliance in patients following lower extremity fractures. Gait & posture, 59:206-10.

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript
Available Online from 22 October 2020