Research in Sports Management and Movement Behavior

How to Train in Sports Clubs in Tehran: Nonlinear Versus Linear Method

Author

Mahrokh Dehghani

Mohaghegh Ardabili University

https://doi.org/10.52547/JRSM.12.24.178
Abstract
Nonlinear methods in physical education is a new idea that covers all the disadvantages of the traditional method and is effective for learning and implementation based on the results of studies compared to the linear method. However, it is not clear how much this method is used by trainers in Iran. This study sought to determine what kind of method (linear / non-linear) instructors use for training. Therefore, 15 expert trainers were selected by available method and interviewed by semi-structured method. The study and determination of linear or non-linear methods was based on the differences between linear and non-linear methods and the results showed based on the interview of trainers and taking into account the target categories, repetition, pattern, description, variability, feedback and instructions. The educators studied in this study use the linear method in education. The results of this study show that the university environment and practice in the field of education are separate and emphasizes that specialists in nonlinear methods should raise the awareness of sports coaches by holding training workshops and increasing knowledge. Also, the use of physical education graduates in the field of coaching and as teachers of federations may be helpful in this regard.

Keywords

linear method
Nonlinear method
Training
Coaching
Goodway JD, Ozmun JC, Gallahue DL. Understanding motor development: Infants, children, adolescents, adults. Jones & Bartlett Publishers; 2019.
Goodway JD, Ozmun JC, Gallahue DL. Understanding motor development: Infants, children, adolescents, adults. Jones & Bartlett Publishers; 2019.
Jones. More than just a game: Research developments and issues in competitive anxiety in sport. Br J Psychol. 1995;86:449-78. [DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8295.1995.tb02565.x]
Jones. More than just a game: Research developments and issues in competitive anxiety in sport. Br J Psychol. 1995;86:449-78. [DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8295.1995.tb02565.x]
Piaget J. The construction of reality in the child (M. Cook, Trans.). New York, NY, US. Basic Books. http://dx. doi. org/10.1037/11168-000; 1954. [DOI:10.1037/11168-000]
Piaget J. The construction of reality in the child (M. Cook, Trans.). New York, NY, US. Basic Books. http://dx. doi. org/10.1037/11168-000; 1954. [DOI:10.1037/11168-000]
Hopper T, Butler J, Storey B. TGfU - Simply Good Pedagogy: Understanding a Complex Challenge. Ottawa, Ontario: PHE-Canada. 2009;
Hopper T, Butler J, Storey B. TGfU - Simply Good Pedagogy: Understanding a Complex Challenge. Ottawa, Ontario: PHE-Canada. 2009;
Schmidt RA, Lee T, Winstein C, Wulf G, Zelaznik H. Motor Control and Learning‌. Hum Kinet. 2018;6E.
Schmidt RA, Lee T, Winstein C, Wulf G, Zelaznik H. Motor Control and Learning‌. Hum Kinet. 2018;6E.
Vilar L, Araújo D, Davids K, Button C. The role of ecological dynamics in analysing performance in team sports. Sport Med. 2012;42(1):1-10. [DOI:10.2165/11596520-000000000-00000]
Vilar L, Araújo D, Davids K, Button C. The role of ecological dynamics in analysing performance in team sports. Sport Med. 2012;42(1):1-10. [DOI:10.2165/11596520-000000000-00000]
Moy B, Renshaw I, Davids K, Brymer E. Preservice teachers implementing a nonlinear physical education pedagogy. Phys Educ Sport Pedagog. 2019;1-17. [DOI:10.1080/17408989.2019.1628934]
Moy B, Renshaw I, Davids K, Brymer E. Preservice teachers implementing a nonlinear physical education pedagogy. Phys Educ Sport Pedagog. 2019;1-17. [DOI:10.1080/17408989.2019.1628934]
Moy B, Renshaw I, Davids K. The impact of nonlinear pedagogy on physical education teacher education students' intrinsic motivation. Phys Educ Sport Pedagog. 2016;21(5):517-38. [DOI:10.1080/17408989.2015.1072506]
Moy B, Renshaw I, Davids K. The impact of nonlinear pedagogy on physical education teacher education students' intrinsic motivation. Phys Educ Sport Pedagog. 2016;21(5):517-38. [DOI:10.1080/17408989.2015.1072506]
Santos S, Jiménez S, Sampaio J, Leite N. Effects of the Skills4Genius sports-based training program in creative behavior. PLoS One, 12, e0172520. 2017; [DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0172520]
Santos S, Jiménez S, Sampaio J, Leite N. Effects of the Skills4Genius sports-based training program in creative behavior. PLoS One, 12, e0172520. 2017; [DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0172520]
Yaali R, Teymoori N, Bagheri S. The Effect of Training Method (Linear and Nonlinear) on Student Participation Motivation in Physical Education Class. Sport Psychol Stud. 2020;8(30):205-20.
Yaali R, Teymoori N, Bagheri S. The Effect of Training Method (Linear and Nonlinear) on Student Participation Motivation in Physical Education Class. Sport Psychol Stud. 2020;8(30):205-20.
Orangi BM, Yaali R, Bahram A, Aghdasi MT. The Role of Motor Learning Strategies in the Experience of flow and Clutch beginner footballers: A Mix Study. Res Sport Manag Mot Behav. 2020;Under press.
Orangi BM, Yaali R, Bahram A, Aghdasi MT. The Role of Motor Learning Strategies in the Experience of flow and Clutch beginner footballers: A Mix Study. Res Sport Manag Mot Behav. 2020;Under press.
Mohammadi Oranghi B, Yaali R, Bahram A, Aghdasi M. Investigating the role of motor learning strategies on improving team creativity in beginner soccer's. Mot Behav. 2020;under press.
Mohammadi Oranghi B, Yaali R, Bahram A, Aghdasi M. Investigating the role of motor learning strategies on improving team creativity in beginner soccer's. Mot Behav. 2020;under press.
Ebrahimi Tavakolian M, Mohammadi Orangi B, Ghadiri, F., Mohammad Nejad M. The effect of nonlinear pedagogy on motor proficiency and self-esteem of hyperactive obese girls. J Fundam Ment Heal. 2020;22(3):240-50.
Ebrahimi Tavakolian M, Mohammadi Orangi B, Ghadiri, F., Mohammad Nejad M. The effect of nonlinear pedagogy on motor proficiency and self-esteem of hyperactive obese girls. J Fundam Ment Heal. 2020;22(3):240-50.
Aghdasi MT, Orangi BM, Yaali R. Self-esteem changes and motor proficiency influenced by manipulating the environment of an extracurricular physical education class using the new inclusive learning method in a boy with developmental coordination disorder: A mix method study. Res Sport Manag Mot Behav J. 2020;Under Pres.
Aghdasi MT, Orangi BM, Yaali R. Self-esteem changes and motor proficiency influenced by manipulating the environment of an extracurricular physical education class using the new inclusive learning method in a boy with developmental coordination disorder: A mix method study. Res Sport Manag Mot Behav J. 2020;Under Pres.
Orangi BM, Yaali R, Bahram A, van der Kamp J, Aghdasi MT. The effects of linear, nonlinear, and differential motor learning methods on the emergence of creative action in individual soccer players. Psychol Sport Exerc. 2021;102009. [DOI:10.1016/j.psychsport.2021.102009]
Orangi BM, Yaali R, Bahram A, van der Kamp J, Aghdasi MT. The effects of linear, nonlinear, and differential motor learning methods on the emergence of creative action in individual soccer players. Psychol Sport Exerc. 2021;102009. [DOI:10.1016/j.psychsport.2021.102009]
Orangi BM, Yaali R, Bahram A, Aghdasi MT, van der Kamp J, Vanrenterghem J, et al. Motor learning methods that induce high practice variability reduce kinematic and kinetic risk factors of non-contact ACL injury. Hum Mov Sci. 2021;78:102805. [DOI:10.1016/j.humov.2021.102805]
Orangi BM, Yaali R, Bahram A, Aghdasi MT, van der Kamp J, Vanrenterghem J, et al. Motor learning methods that induce high practice variability reduce kinematic and kinetic risk factors of non-contact ACL injury. Hum Mov Sci. 2021;78:102805. [DOI:10.1016/j.humov.2021.102805]
Greenwood D, Davids K, Renshaw I. Experiential knowledge of expert coaches can help identify informational constraints on performance of dynamic interceptive actions. J Sports Sci. 2014;32(4):328-35. [DOI:10.1080/02640414.2013.824599]
Greenwood D, Davids K, Renshaw I. Experiential knowledge of expert coaches can help identify informational constraints on performance of dynamic interceptive actions. J Sports Sci. 2014;32(4):328-35. [DOI:10.1080/02640414.2013.824599]
Mccosker C, Renshaw I, Greenwood D, Davids K, Gosden E. How performance analysis of elite long jumping can inform representative training design through identification of key constraints on competitive behaviours. Eur J Sport Sci. 2019;1-9. [DOI:10.1080/17461391.2018.1564797]
Mccosker C, Renshaw I, Greenwood D, Davids K, Gosden E. How performance analysis of elite long jumping can inform representative training design through identification of key constraints on competitive behaviours. Eur J Sport Sci. 2019;1-9. [DOI:10.1080/17461391.2018.1564797]
Côté J, Salmela JH, Russell SJ. The knowledge of high-performance gymnastics coaches: Methodological framework. Sport Psychol. 1995;9:65-75. [DOI:10.1123/tsp.9.1.65]
Côté J, Salmela JH, Russell SJ. The knowledge of high-performance gymnastics coaches: Methodological framework. Sport Psychol. 1995;9:65-75. [DOI:10.1123/tsp.9.1.65]
Swann C, Jackman PC, Schweickle MJ, Vella SA. Optimal experiences in exercise: A qualitative investigation of flow and clutch states. Psychol Sport Exerc. 2019;40:87-98. [DOI:10.1016/j.psychsport.2018.09.007]
Swann C, Jackman PC, Schweickle MJ, Vella SA. Optimal experiences in exercise: A qualitative investigation of flow and clutch states. Psychol Sport Exerc. 2019;40:87-98. [DOI:10.1016/j.psychsport.2018.09.007]
Chang MYL, Chow JY, Button C, Tan CWK. Nonlinear pedagogy and its role in encouraging 21st century competencies through physical education: A Singapore experience. 2017;
Chang MYL, Chow JY, Button C, Tan CWK. Nonlinear pedagogy and its role in encouraging 21st century competencies through physical education: A Singapore experience. 2017;
Renshaw I, Chow JY, Davids K, Button C. Nonlinear pedagogy in skill acquisition: An introduction. Routledge; 2015.
Renshaw I, Chow JY, Davids K, Button C. Nonlinear pedagogy in skill acquisition: An introduction. Routledge; 2015.
Davids K, Bennett SJ, Newell KM. Movement system variability. Champaign. Illinois: Human Kinetics Publishers; 2006. [DOI:10.5040/9781492596851]
Davids K, Bennett SJ, Newell KM. Movement system variability. Champaign. Illinois: Human Kinetics Publishers; 2006. [DOI:10.5040/9781492596851]
Research in Sports Management and Movement Behavior
Volume 12, Issue 24 - Serial Number 40
December 2022
Pages 178-189