Research in Sports Management and Movement Behavior

What obstacles do the Iranian football industry face with the implementation of e-marketing? Findings of a qualitative study

Authors

iraj eivazi 1
alireza elahi 2
Mohamad Rahim esfidani 3
Hossain akbari yazdi 4

1 PhD in sports management, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran, contact number.

2 Professor, Khwarazmi University, Khwarazmi University, Tehran, Iran.

3 Associate Professor, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.

4 Associate Professor, Khwarazmi University, Khwarazmi University, Tehran, IranIran.

Abstract
The goal of this study was to identify the challenges which football e-marketing faces in Iran. So, by using functional research, a qualitative approach and applying newly introduced Glazer method, this question has been answered. The target community of this research was experts, well-informed people in marketing, e-marketing, sports marketing and football managers. Purposive (judgmental) and snowball sampling methods were applied. After finishing the open coding stages, 162 labels were identified as challenges of football e-marketing in Iran. Then after analyzing and summarization, labels were classified in 52 new labels. The results showed that the football industry in Iran in order to apply e-marketing, needs to pay attention to 5 categories of marketing, technical, human resources, legal, constitutional and economic challenges and plans for its present challenges. Also, it's not useful to see one side of the challenges. It's better to have a whole, simultaneous and systemic look at all aspects of 5 categories.

Keywords

E-Marketing
E-commerce
Grounded theory
Football
Barriers Of E- Marketing
Turban, E, King, D. Translators: Manian, A and Zarandi Manesh, M. Basics of e-commerce Tehran. Negah Danesh Publications. 2008. (In Persian)
Turban, E, King, D. Translators: Manian, A and Zarandi Manesh, M. Basics of e-commerce Tehran. Negah Danesh Publications. 2008. (In Persian)
Coviello, N, E, Brodie, R, J, Brookes, R,W, Palmer, R,A. Assessing the Role of E-marketing in Contemporary Marketing Practice. Journal of Marketing Management. 2003. 19. (857-881). DOI:10.1362/026725703322498136 [DOI:10.1362/026725703322498136]
Coviello, N, E, Brodie, R, J, Brookes, R,W, Palmer, R,A. Assessing the Role of E-marketing in Contemporary Marketing Practice. Journal of Marketing Management. 2003. 19. (857-881). DOI:10.1362/026725703322498136 [DOI:10.1362/026725703322498136]
Fazil, A. Feasibility of implementing identification systems in commercial companies (RFID) using radio waves in the Iranian supply chain (a case study of commercial companies in the supply chain of Shiraz. University of Sistan and Baluchistan, Faculty Management and accounting, (2009) (150) URL: https://ganj.irandoc.ac.ir//#/articles/32564cc691f48101a613d08e81fd444e (In Persian)
Fazil, A. Feasibility of implementing identification systems in commercial companies (RFID) using radio waves in the Iranian supply chain (a case study of commercial companies in the supply chain of Shiraz. University of Sistan and Baluchistan, Faculty Management and accounting, (2009) (150) URL: https://ganj.irandoc.ac.ir//#/articles/32564cc691f48101a613d08e81fd444e (In Persian)
Hudak, M., Kianickova, E., Madlenak, R. The Importance of E-mail Marketing in E-commerce. Procedia Engineering. (2017). Vol 192. PP 342- 347. DOI:10.1016/j.proeng.2017.06.059 [DOI:10.1016/j.proeng.2017.06.059]
Hudak, M., Kianickova, E., Madlenak, R. The Importance of E-mail Marketing in E-commerce. Procedia Engineering. (2017). Vol 192. PP 342- 347. DOI:10.1016/j.proeng.2017.06.059 [DOI:10.1016/j.proeng.2017.06.059]
Vedhanaayagam, P., Subha, S., Balusamy, B. Analysis of performance measures to handle medical E-commerce shopping cart abandonment in cloud. Journal informatics in Medicine Unlocked. (2017). Vol 8. PP 32-41. DOI:10.1016/j.imu.2017.03.003 [DOI:10.1016/j.imu.2017.03.003]
Vedhanaayagam, P., Subha, S., Balusamy, B. Analysis of performance measures to handle medical E-commerce shopping cart abandonment in cloud. Journal informatics in Medicine Unlocked. (2017). Vol 8. PP 32-41. DOI:10.1016/j.imu.2017.03.003 [DOI:10.1016/j.imu.2017.03.003]
Theodorakis, N. D., Koustelios, A., Robinson, L. Barlas, A. "Moderating role of team identification on the relationship between service quality and repurchase intentions among spectators of professional sports". Managing Service Quality, (2009).19(4), PP: 456-473. DOI:10.1108/09604520910971557 [DOI:10.1108/09604520910971557]
Theodorakis, N. D., Koustelios, A., Robinson, L. Barlas, A. "Moderating role of team identification on the relationship between service quality and repurchase intentions among spectators of professional sports". Managing Service Quality, (2009).19(4), PP: 456-473. DOI:10.1108/09604520910971557 [DOI:10.1108/09604520910971557]
Hur, Y. Determinants of sport website acceptance: an application and extension of the technology acceptance model. Washington state university college of education. 2007. Paper: 153 URL: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/228882775_Determinants_of_sport_website_acceptance_An_application_and_extension_of_the_technology_acceptance_model
Hur, Y. Determinants of sport website acceptance: an application and extension of the technology acceptance model. Washington state university college of education. 2007. Paper: 153 URL: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/228882775_Determinants_of_sport_website_acceptance_An_application_and_extension_of_the_technology_acceptance_model
https://unctad.org/en/PublicationsLibrary/ier2017_en.pdf
https://unctad.org/en/PublicationsLibrary/ier2017_en.pdf
Clarck, A. "Management electronic commerce". Warren, Gorham and Lamont, Boston, Massachusetts, (2003).
Clarck, A. "Management electronic commerce". Warren, Gorham and Lamont, Boston, Massachusetts, (2003).
Geoffrey Moore. Derived from: www.dnjonline.com/articles (Accessed: 13 Jan 2005).
Geoffrey Moore. Derived from: www.dnjonline.com/articles (Accessed: 13 Jan 2005).
Kriemadis, T., Terzoudis, C., Kartakoullis, N. Internet marketing in football clubs: a comparison between English and Greek websites. Soccer & Society, 11(3). (2010). 291-307 DOI:10.1080/14660971003619677 [DOI:10.1080/14660971003619677]
Kriemadis, T., Terzoudis, C., Kartakoullis, N. Internet marketing in football clubs: a comparison between English and Greek websites. Soccer & Society, 11(3). (2010). 291-307 DOI:10.1080/14660971003619677 [DOI:10.1080/14660971003619677]
Rahimizadeh M, Sajadi S N, Goodarzi M, Jalali Farahani M. A 3-Dimensional Model of E-Commerce Development Challenges in the Sport Industry in Iran. 3 (2018) 6 (20):9-20 URL:https://ntsmj.issma.ir/article-1-1065-fa.html (In Persian).
Rahimizadeh M, Sajadi S N, Goodarzi M, Jalali Farahani M. A 3-Dimensional Model of E-Commerce Development Challenges in the Sport Industry in Iran. 3 (2018) 6 (20):9-20 URL:https://ntsmj.issma.ir/article-1-1065-fa.html (In Persian).
Ebrahimi, Abdulhamid. Shahrokh, Zohra Dehdashti and Mahdieh, Omid Investigating effective factors and problems of companies in using e-commerce, a case study: Iran's export companies. Bi-monthly scientific-research magazine of Shahid University. (2009). Number 44. URL:https://journals.shahed.ac.ir/article_2073.html (In Persian).
Ebrahimi, Abdulhamid. Shahrokh, Zohra Dehdashti and Mahdieh, Omid Investigating effective factors and problems of companies in using e-commerce, a case study: Iran's export companies. Bi-monthly scientific-research magazine of Shahid University. (2009). Number 44. URL:https://journals.shahed.ac.ir/article_2073.html (In Persian).
Kiakojori, K. nobati, A. [bankdari elektroniki ve chalesh cpehei an dar iran. bank ve egtesad]. Shmareh. (1387). 93. pp 18-25 URL: https://ensani.ir/file/download/article/20100922165709-p0120400930181-A8ZD81.pdf (In Persian).
Kiakojori, K. nobati, A. [bankdari elektroniki ve chalesh cpehei an dar iran. bank ve egtesad]. Shmareh. (1387). 93. pp 18-25 URL: https://ensani.ir/file/download/article/20100922165709-p0120400930181-A8ZD81.pdf (In Persian).
Hur, Y., Ko, Y, J., Valacich, J. A Structural Model of Relationships between sport website quality, e-satisfaction, and e-loyalty. Journal of sport management. (2011). 25, P. 458-473 DOI:10.1123/jsm.25.5.458 [DOI:10.1123/jsm.25.5.458]
Hur, Y., Ko, Y, J., Valacich, J. A Structural Model of Relationships between sport website quality, e-satisfaction, and e-loyalty. Journal of sport management. (2011). 25, P. 458-473 DOI:10.1123/jsm.25.5.458 [DOI:10.1123/jsm.25.5.458]
Rosca, V. "Web interfaces for e‐CRM in sports: Evidence from Romanian football". Management & Marketing Challenges for the Knowledge Society, (2014). 9(1), pp: 27-46. URL: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/288548613_Web_interfaces_for_e-CRM_in_sports_Evidence_from_Romanian_football
Rosca, V. "Web interfaces for e‐CRM in sports: Evidence from Romanian football". Management & Marketing Challenges for the Knowledge Society, (2014). 9(1), pp: 27-46. URL: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/288548613_Web_interfaces_for_e-CRM_in_sports_Evidence_from_Romanian_football
Zhou, C. (2015). "Impact of electronic commerce on the sporting goods market". The Open Cybernetics & Systemic Journal, 9, [Electronic Publication Date: October 09, 2015] pp: 2135-2140. DOI: 10.2174/1874110X01509012135 [DOI:10.2174/1874110X01509012135]
Zhou, C. (2015). "Impact of electronic commerce on the sporting goods market". The Open Cybernetics & Systemic Journal, 9, [Electronic Publication Date: October 09, 2015] pp: 2135-2140. DOI: 10.2174/1874110X01509012135 [DOI:10.2174/1874110X01509012135]
https://www.statista.com/statistics,27. global social networks ranked by number of users , 2014
https://www.statista.com/statistics,27. global social networks ranked by number of users , 2014
Hofacker, C.F., & Blanche, D. Eight media challenges for marketing managers. Spanish journal of marketing - ESIC, (2016). 20 (2), PP 73-80 DOI:10.1016/j.sjme.2016.07.003 [DOI:10.1016/j.sjme.2016.07.003]
Hofacker, C.F., & Blanche, D. Eight media challenges for marketing managers. Spanish journal of marketing - ESIC, (2016). 20 (2), PP 73-80 DOI:10.1016/j.sjme.2016.07.003 [DOI:10.1016/j.sjme.2016.07.003]
Dixon, A. W., Martinez, J. M., Martin, C. L. Employing social media as a marketing strategy in college sport: an examination of perceived effectiveness in accomplishing organizational objectives. International review on public and nonprofit marketing, (2015). 12 (2), pp 97-113 DOI:10.1007/s12208-015-0134-7 [DOI:10.1007/s12208-015-0134-7]
Dixon, A. W., Martinez, J. M., Martin, C. L. Employing social media as a marketing strategy in college sport: an examination of perceived effectiveness in accomplishing organizational objectives. International review on public and nonprofit marketing, (2015). 12 (2), pp 97-113 DOI:10.1007/s12208-015-0134-7 [DOI:10.1007/s12208-015-0134-7]
Baena, V. "Online and mobile marketing strategies as drivers of brand love in sports teams: Findings from Real Madrid". International Journal of Sports Marketing and Sponsorship, (2016). 17(3), pp: 202-218. DOI: [DOI:10.1108/IJSMS-08-2016-015]
Baena, V. "Online and mobile marketing strategies as drivers of brand love in sports teams: Findings from Real Madrid". International Journal of Sports Marketing and Sponsorship, (2016). 17(3), pp: 202-218. DOI: [DOI:10.1108/IJSMS-08-2016-015]
Bazargan, A. [moghodameh ay bar raveshhay tahaqiq kyfi ve amikhteh (roykradehyay motedavel dar olum raftari] 8th edition. Tehran, Didar Publications; (2016). P. 101. (In Persian)
Bazargan, A. [moghodameh ay bar raveshhay tahaqiq kyfi ve amikhteh (roykradehyay motedavel dar olum raftari] 8th edition. Tehran, Didar Publications; (2016). P. 101. (In Persian)
Miles, M. B., Huberman, A.M., & Saldana, J. Qualitative data analysis: A methods sourcebook SAGE publication, Incorporated; (2013). Pp. 164-166 URL: https://www.metodos.work/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/Qualitative-Data-Analysis.pdf
Miles, M. B., Huberman, A.M., & Saldana, J. Qualitative data analysis: A methods sourcebook SAGE publication, Incorporated; (2013). Pp. 164-166 URL: https://www.metodos.work/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/Qualitative-Data-Analysis.pdf
danayi fard, h. alvani, m ve azar, a. [ravesh shenasi pazhohesh kifi dar modirit: roykardi jame]. Saffar Publications. Second Edition; (1392). pp. 74-137. (In Persian)
danayi fard, h. alvani, m ve azar, a. [ravesh shenasi pazhohesh kifi dar modirit: roykardi jame]. Saffar Publications. Second Edition; (1392). pp. 74-137. (In Persian)
Glaser, B. Discovery of grounded theory: Strategies for qualitative research. London: Routledge; (2017). [DOI:10.4324/9780203793206]
Glaser, B. Discovery of grounded theory: Strategies for qualitative research. London: Routledge; (2017). [DOI:10.4324/9780203793206]
Marvati Sharifabadi, A, Sadeghi, H, Rezaei Taghiabadi, M. Presenting a theoretical model for the alignment of production, marketing and business strategies using the data-based theory-building method. Business Management Explorations, (2014); 6(11): 85-104.; (In Persian).
Marvati Sharifabadi, A, Sadeghi, H, Rezaei Taghiabadi, M. Presenting a theoretical model for the alignment of production, marketing and business strategies using the data-based theory-building method. Business Management Explorations, (2014); 6(11): 85-104.; (In Persian).
Pitney, W., & Parker, J. Qualitative research in physical activity and the health professions. Canada: Human Kinetics; (2009). P. 56.
Pitney, W., & Parker, J. Qualitative research in physical activity and the health professions. Canada: Human Kinetics; (2009). P. 56.
Rasuli, B., Kazemi, H., Alipour-Hafezi, M., Heidari, E. 'Barriers and Challenges to Develop Online Bookstores in Iran: Viewpoints from Managers', Librarianship and Information Organization Studies; (2017). 28(3), pp. 107-122: https://nastinfo.nlai.ir/article_1488.html
Rasuli, B., Kazemi, H., Alipour-Hafezi, M., Heidari, E. 'Barriers and Challenges to Develop Online Bookstores in Iran: Viewpoints from Managers', Librarianship and Information Organization Studies; (2017). 28(3), pp. 107-122: https://nastinfo.nlai.ir/article_1488.html
Bridgewater S., Stray S. Brand Values and a Typology of Premiership Football Fans, Warwick Business School; (2002). URL: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Brand-Values-and-a-Typology-of-Premiership-Football-Bridgewater-Stray/73839faea1bd33b9de922f20bfc99a15ec08616c#cited-papers
Bridgewater S., Stray S. Brand Values and a Typology of Premiership Football Fans, Warwick Business School; (2002). URL: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Brand-Values-and-a-Typology-of-Premiership-Football-Bridgewater-Stray/73839faea1bd33b9de922f20bfc99a15ec08616c#cited-papers
Kashgar, S. Ghasemi, H. Nazari, A. Study of the loyalty of football fans and the role of television in strengthening it. Journal of Sports Management and Motor Behavior. Year; (2014). 10, No. 19, pp. 111-124 DOI: 10.22080/jsmb.2014.837
Kashgar, S. Ghasemi, H. Nazari, A. Study of the loyalty of football fans and the role of television in strengthening it. Journal of Sports Management and Motor Behavior. Year; (2014). 10, No. 19, pp. 111-124 DOI: 10.22080/jsmb.2014.837
An Identification of Environmental Components Influencing Customer Relationship Management in Professional Football Clubs in Iran. (2016); 4 (13):73-87 URL: http://ntsmj.issma.ir/article-1-692-fa.html
An Identification of Environmental Components Influencing Customer Relationship Management in Professional Football Clubs in Iran. (2016); 4 (13):73-87 URL: http://ntsmj.issma.ir/article-1-692-fa.html
Kiang, M, Robert, T. Chi. A Framework for Analyzing the Potential Benefit of Internet Marketing, Journal of Electronic Commerce Research, (2001). 2(4):157-63. URL: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/220437646_A_Framework_for_Analyzing_the_Potential_Benefits_of_Internet_Marketing
Kiang, M, Robert, T. Chi. A Framework for Analyzing the Potential Benefit of Internet Marketing, Journal of Electronic Commerce Research, (2001). 2(4):157-63. URL: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/220437646_A_Framework_for_Analyzing_the_Potential_Benefits_of_Internet_Marketing
Lettice F, Tschida M and Forstenlechner I. Managing in an Economic Crisis: The Role of Market Orientation in an International Law Firm, Journal of Business Research, (2014). 67 (1), pp 2693-2700 DOI:10.1016/j.jbusres.2013.03.018 [DOI:10.1016/j.jbusres.2013.03.018]
Lettice F, Tschida M and Forstenlechner I. Managing in an Economic Crisis: The Role of Market Orientation in an International Law Firm, Journal of Business Research, (2014). 67 (1), pp 2693-2700 DOI:10.1016/j.jbusres.2013.03.018 [DOI:10.1016/j.jbusres.2013.03.018]
Taghavifard, M. T., Ghafurian Shagerdi, A., Behboodi, O. The Effect of Market Orientation on Business Performance. Journal of Business Administration Researches, 2015; 7(13): 205-227. 20.1001.1.2645386.1394.7.13.10.6
Taghavifard, M. T., Ghafurian Shagerdi, A., Behboodi, O. The Effect of Market Orientation on Business Performance. Journal of Business Administration Researches, 2015; 7(13): 205-227. 20.1001.1.2645386.1394.7.13.10.6
Samavi, H., Rezaei-Moghaddam, K., Baradaran, M. Customer-orientation and its Application in Higher Education System: The Case of Agricultural Higher Education in Khuzestan Province. Quarterly Journal of Research and Planning in Higher Education, (2008); 14(3): 121-143. URL: https://journal.irphe.ac.ir/article_702630.html [In Persian].
Samavi, H., Rezaei-Moghaddam, K., Baradaran, M. Customer-orientation and its Application in Higher Education System: The Case of Agricultural Higher Education in Khuzestan Province. Quarterly Journal of Research and Planning in Higher Education, (2008); 14(3): 121-143. URL: https://journal.irphe.ac.ir/article_702630.html [In Persian].
Liu, ch. Tseng, h. Chuang, l. Huang, ch. "A Study of the Impact of the e-CRM Perspective on Customer Satisfaction and Customer Loyalty-Exemplified by Bank Sinopac", Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies; (2012)., 8 (4), 467-476. DOI: [DOI:10.22610/jebs.v4i8.348]
Liu, ch. Tseng, h. Chuang, l. Huang, ch. "A Study of the Impact of the e-CRM Perspective on Customer Satisfaction and Customer Loyalty-Exemplified by Bank Sinopac", Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies; (2012)., 8 (4), 467-476. DOI: [DOI:10.22610/jebs.v4i8.348]
Ghasemi, R., Javadipour, M., Torkfar, A. Identifying Sport Marketing Barriers in Iran from Sport Managers' Perspectives. Sport Management Journal, 2016; 7(6): 829-846. [DOI:10.22059/jsm.2016.57451]
Ghasemi, R., Javadipour, M., Torkfar, A. Identifying Sport Marketing Barriers in Iran from Sport Managers' Perspectives. Sport Management Journal, 2016; 7(6): 829-846. [DOI:10.22059/jsm.2016.57451]
Estiri, M., Aghazadeh, H., Rayej, H., Raoufi, T. A survey of marketing barriers of sport institutions in Iran. Business Strategy Series. (2010). 11(3): 169-176 DOI:10.1108/17515631011043831 [DOI:10.1108/17515631011043831]
Estiri, M., Aghazadeh, H., Rayej, H., Raoufi, T. A survey of marketing barriers of sport institutions in Iran. Business Strategy Series. (2010). 11(3): 169-176 DOI:10.1108/17515631011043831 [DOI:10.1108/17515631011043831]
AGHAZADEH, H., ESTIRI, M, & MOHAMMADI, A. (2008). A Survey of Marketing Barriers of Iran Sport Institutions. HARAKAT, - (36), 129-150. SID. https://sid.ir/paper/30286/en
AGHAZADEH, H., ESTIRI, M, & MOHAMMADI, A. (2008). A Survey of Marketing Barriers of Iran Sport Institutions. HARAKAT, - (36), 129-150. SID. https://sid.ir/paper/30286/en
khanmoradi, S., Eydi, H., GhobadiYeganeh, A. The investigating and Comparison online services and Web marketing in Iranian, Germany and the UK Soccer clubs. Communication Management in Sport Media, (2015); 3(1): 41-51. 20.1001.1.23455578.1394.3.1.5.5
khanmoradi, S., Eydi, H., GhobadiYeganeh, A. The investigating and Comparison online services and Web marketing in Iranian, Germany and the UK Soccer clubs. Communication Management in Sport Media, (2015); 3(1): 41-51. 20.1001.1.23455578.1394.3.1.5.5
http://www.speedtest.net/global-index/iran#mobile
http://www.speedtest.net/global-index/iran#mobile
Jahangiri A, Alavi N. Creating the Groundwork for an Electronic Government. JMDP; (2006). 20(3 and 4), 42-53.
Jahangiri A, Alavi N. Creating the Groundwork for an Electronic Government. JMDP; (2006). 20(3 and 4), 42-53.
URL: http://jmdp.ir/article-1-217-fa.html
URL: http://jmdp.ir/article-1-217-fa.html
Suppattra, T. Kornthip W. T; Development model of web design element for clothing e-commerce based on the concept of mass customization. Kasetstar Journal of Social Sciences. (2017). Vol 38 (3), PP 242-250 DOI:10.1016/j.kjss.2016.07.007 [DOI:10.1016/j.kjss.2016.07.007]
Suppattra, T. Kornthip W. T; Development model of web design element for clothing e-commerce based on the concept of mass customization. Kasetstar Journal of Social Sciences. (2017). Vol 38 (3), PP 242-250 DOI:10.1016/j.kjss.2016.07.007 [DOI:10.1016/j.kjss.2016.07.007]
Farid Fathi, A. Quality Assessment of the Websites of Selected Sports Federations. Research in sport Management, (2012); 1(4): 17-36. [In Persian]
Farid Fathi, A. Quality Assessment of the Websites of Selected Sports Federations. Research in sport Management, (2012); 1(4): 17-36. [In Persian]
La dhari, R. Developing e-Service Quality Scales: A Literature Review. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, (2010). 17(6), pp. 464-464. DOI:10.1016/j.jretconser.2010.06.003 [DOI:10.1016/j.jretconser.2010.06.003]
La dhari, R. Developing e-Service Quality Scales: A Literature Review. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, (2010). 17(6), pp. 464-464. DOI:10.1016/j.jretconser.2010.06.003 [DOI:10.1016/j.jretconser.2010.06.003]
Mizany, M., Rahimizadeh, M., Sajjadi, S. N. Interaction with fans through club website as a marketing tool: study and comparison of professional football clubs of Iran, Asia and Europe. Sport Management Studies, (2014); 6(23): 79-102. URL: https://smrj.ssrc.ac.ir/article_156.html [In Persian]
Mizany, M., Rahimizadeh, M., Sajjadi, S. N. Interaction with fans through club website as a marketing tool: study and comparison of professional football clubs of Iran, Asia and Europe. Sport Management Studies, (2014); 6(23): 79-102. URL: https://smrj.ssrc.ac.ir/article_156.html [In Persian]
https://www.alexa.com/topsites/countries/IR
https://www.alexa.com/topsites/countries/IR
beigomi, Z., Hamidi, M., Khabiri, M. Internet Marketing in Football Clubs: Assessing the Quality of Successful Football Club Websites in Iran and Europe. Sport Management Studies, (2016); 7(34): 155-176. URL https://smrj.ssrc.ac.ir/article_714.html?lang=fa [In Persian]
beigomi, Z., Hamidi, M., Khabiri, M. Internet Marketing in Football Clubs: Assessing the Quality of Successful Football Club Websites in Iran and Europe. Sport Management Studies, (2016); 7(34): 155-176. URL https://smrj.ssrc.ac.ir/article_714.html?lang=fa [In Persian]
Nasiripour A, Maebood Mojdehi Z, Maebood Mojdehi E. Factors Affecting the Staff Empowerment: The Perspective of Staff Vice Chancellor of Management Development Resource Planning Guilan University of Medical Sciences. JGUMS, (2017); 25 (100):11-18 URL: http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-1332-fa.html
Nasiripour A, Maebood Mojdehi Z, Maebood Mojdehi E. Factors Affecting the Staff Empowerment: The Perspective of Staff Vice Chancellor of Management Development Resource Planning Guilan University of Medical Sciences. JGUMS, (2017); 25 (100):11-18 URL: http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-1332-fa.html
Elahi, A. Obstacles and solutions to the economic development of the football industry of the Islamic Republic of Iran. PhD thesis, Faculty of Physical Education, University of Tehran, (2008); p23 [In Persian]
Elahi, A. Obstacles and solutions to the economic development of the football industry of the Islamic Republic of Iran. PhD thesis, Faculty of Physical Education, University of Tehran, (2008); p23 [In Persian]
elahi, A., Sajjadi, N., Khabiri, M., Abrishami, H. Barriers to the Development of Revenues from Sponsorship in Iran Football Industry. Sport Management Journal, (2009); 1(1): 189-202. URL: https://jsm.ut.ac.ir/article_22141.html
elahi, A., Sajjadi, N., Khabiri, M., Abrishami, H. Barriers to the Development of Revenues from Sponsorship in Iran Football Industry. Sport Management Journal, (2009); 1(1): 189-202. URL: https://jsm.ut.ac.ir/article_22141.html
Memari, Jhaleh. Modeling and Analysis of the Marketing Mix of the Sports Industry of the Country (with a Decision-Based Approach). PhD Thesis, Faculty of Physical Education, University of Tehran, (2007). p.23, [In Persian]
Memari, Jhaleh. Modeling and Analysis of the Marketing Mix of the Sports Industry of the Country (with a Decision-Based Approach). PhD Thesis, Faculty of Physical Education, University of Tehran, (2007). p.23, [In Persian]
Honarvar A., Ghafouri F., Farzan F., SHarifian E. Main Factors in Sport Tourism Marketing in Iran. Olympic [Internet]. (2008) ;15(4) SERIAL 40:31-44. URL: https://www. id.ir/paper/37762/fa
Honarvar A., Ghafouri F., Farzan F., SHarifian E. Main Factors in Sport Tourism Marketing in Iran. Olympic [Internet]. (2008) ;15(4) SERIAL 40:31-44. URL: https://www. id.ir/paper/37762/fa
Moharamzade, M. Investigation of sport marketing capacity it's in order to development sports fields in Iran with emphasis on material arts. Sport Management Studies, (2014); 6(25): 53-64. https://smrj.ssrc.ac.ir/article_4.html?lang=fa
Moharamzade, M. Investigation of sport marketing capacity it's in order to development sports fields in Iran with emphasis on material arts. Sport Management Studies, (2014); 6(25): 53-64. https://smrj.ssrc.ac.ir/article_4.html?lang=fa
Rasooli, M., Khabiri, M., Elahi, A., Aghaee, N. Internal factors and obstacles of brand management in Iran's pro league football clubs. Sport Management Studies, 2016; 8(35): 51-66. [DOI:10.22089/smrj.2016.718]
Rasooli, M., Khabiri, M., Elahi, A., Aghaee, N. Internal factors and obstacles of brand management in Iran's pro league football clubs. Sport Management Studies, 2016; 8(35): 51-66. [DOI:10.22089/smrj.2016.718]
http://mis.ito.gov.ir/publishers
http://mis.ito.gov.ir/publishers
Azizi SH, Boshagh M. Internet Selling Expansion Inhibitors: A Mixed Method Approach. Production and Operations Management [Internet]. 2013;3(2 (5)):111-126. Available from: https://www. id.ir/paper/217611/fa
Azizi SH, Boshagh M. Internet Selling Expansion Inhibitors: A Mixed Method Approach. Production and Operations Management [Internet]. 2013;3(2 (5)):111-126. Available from: https://www. id.ir/paper/217611/fa
Salimi, M., Soltan Hosseini, M., Naderian Jahromi, M. The Evaluation of Iran's Sport Marketing Development Obstacles. Sport Management Studies, (2015); 7(29): 13-36. URL: https://smrj.ssrc.ac.ir/article_428.html?lang=fa
Salimi, M., Soltan Hosseini, M., Naderian Jahromi, M. The Evaluation of Iran's Sport Marketing Development Obstacles. Sport Management Studies, (2015); 7(29): 13-36. URL: https://smrj.ssrc.ac.ir/article_428.html?lang=fa
Maadi, M. Maadi, M. Javadnia, M. Identification of factors influencing building initial trust in e-commerce. Iranian Journal of management Studies. (2016). Vol.9. No,3 PP 483-503 DOI:10.22059/ijms.2016.57482
Maadi, M. Maadi, M. Javadnia, M. Identification of factors influencing building initial trust in e-commerce. Iranian Journal of management Studies. (2016). Vol.9. No,3 PP 483-503 DOI:10.22059/ijms.2016.57482
Lovgren, B. The 7 critical elements your Ecommerce site needs to be considered trustworthy. Retrieved from; (2014). URL:www.entrepreneur.com/article/237199
Lovgren, B. The 7 critical elements your Ecommerce site needs to be considered trustworthy. Retrieved from; (2014). URL:www.entrepreneur.com/article/237199
Rotem-Mindali, O. E-tail versus retail: The effects on shopping related travel empirical evidence from Israel. (2010). Transport Policy 17 (5): 312-322. DOI:10.1016/j.tranpol.2010.02.005 [DOI:10.1016/j.tranpol.2010.02.005]
Rotem-Mindali, O. E-tail versus retail: The effects on shopping related travel empirical evidence from Israel. (2010). Transport Policy 17 (5): 312-322. DOI:10.1016/j.tranpol.2010.02.005 [DOI:10.1016/j.tranpol.2010.02.005]
Sheikhi, A. Shafei, R. Farooqi, H. Investigating factors affecting the increase of customer trust in purchasing goods and services online. Marketing Management. (2013). Issue 22. pp. 77-97 https://sanad.iau.ir/en/Article/811817
Sheikhi, A. Shafei, R. Farooqi, H. Investigating factors affecting the increase of customer trust in purchasing goods and services online. Marketing Management. (2013). Issue 22. pp. 77-97 https://sanad.iau.ir/en/Article/811817
Ming-Hsiun, H. Shopping Mode Choice: Physical Store Shopping Versus e-Shopping. Transportation Research, (2009). Part E, 45, 86-95. DOI:10.1016/j.tre.2008.06.002 [DOI:10.1016/j.tre.2008.06.002]
Ming-Hsiun, H. Shopping Mode Choice: Physical Store Shopping Versus e-Shopping. Transportation Research, (2009). Part E, 45, 86-95. DOI:10.1016/j.tre.2008.06.002 [DOI:10.1016/j.tre.2008.06.002]
Rezaeian, A., Mikaeili, F., Tajik, M., Ahmadizad, A. The Relationship Between Generic Strategies and E-Business Adoption Levels in Software Producer SMEs. Journal of Strategic Management Studies, )2011(; 1(4): 107-120. 20.1001.1.22286853.1389.1.4.5.0
Rezaeian, A., Mikaeili, F., Tajik, M., Ahmadizad, A. The Relationship Between Generic Strategies and E-Business Adoption Levels in Software Producer SMEs. Journal of Strategic Management Studies, )2011(; 1(4): 107-120. 20.1001.1.22286853.1389.1.4.5.0
Zaremirrokabad, Z., Noori, R. Electronic entrepreneurship process in Iran; Problems and Barriers. Journal of Technology Development Management, (2016) ; 3(4): 165-188. DOI: 10.22104/jtdm.2016.415
Zaremirrokabad, Z., Noori, R. Electronic entrepreneurship process in Iran; Problems and Barriers. Journal of Technology Development Management, (2016) ; 3(4): 165-188. DOI: 10.22104/jtdm.2016.415
Yadollahi farsi. J, Gholami. N, Hamidi. M, Kanani. A. Studying barriers to entrepreneurship in sports in the country; Journal of Entrepreneurship Development, 2011; 4(2): 105-124. URL: https://jed.ut.ac.ir/article_23533.html?lang=fa
Yadollahi farsi. J, Gholami. N, Hamidi. M, Kanani. A. Studying barriers to entrepreneurship in sports in the country; Journal of Entrepreneurship Development, 2011; 4(2): 105-124. URL: https://jed.ut.ac.ir/article_23533.html?lang=fa
Eizadi, A., Shabani bahar, G., Goodarzi, M., Honari, H. Development of Marketing Strategic Planning for Planning for Iranian Football Premier League Clubs with SWOT Analysis. Applied Research in Sport Management, (2017); 6(2): 21-34. DOI: 20.1001.1.23455551.1396.6.2.2.6
Eizadi, A., Shabani bahar, G., Goodarzi, M., Honari, H. Development of Marketing Strategic Planning for Planning for Iranian Football Premier League Clubs with SWOT Analysis. Applied Research in Sport Management, (2017); 6(2): 21-34. DOI: 20.1001.1.23455551.1396.6.2.2.6
Razavi, S. M. H., Sajjadi, S. N., Moradi, A., Asadi, N. Barriers to Mechanical Ticketing in Iran Football Premier League. Sport Physiology & Management Investigations, (2016); 8(3): 9-20. URL: https://www.sportrc.ir/article_66960.html?lang=fa
Razavi, S. M. H., Sajjadi, S. N., Moradi, A., Asadi, N. Barriers to Mechanical Ticketing in Iran Football Premier League. Sport Physiology & Management Investigations, (2016); 8(3): 9-20. URL: https://www.sportrc.ir/article_66960.html?lang=fa
Deldar, E., Kargar, G., Ghafouri, F. Investigating the Economic Obstacles of Club Privatization in Iranian Professional Football League. Sport Management and Development, (2017); 5(2): 53-68. URL: https://jsmd.guilan.ac.ir/article_2134.html?lang=fa
Deldar, E., Kargar, G., Ghafouri, F. Investigating the Economic Obstacles of Club Privatization in Iranian Professional Football League. Sport Management and Development, (2017); 5(2): 53-68. URL: https://jsmd.guilan.ac.ir/article_2134.html?lang=fa
Rezaei, Sh. Ehsani, M. Kozechian, Hو Amiri, M. Designing effective commercialization mechanisms for football clubs in Iran. JRSM (2015); 5 (9):119-130 URL: http://jrsm.khu.ac.ir/article-۱-۲۳۰۰-fa.html
Rezaei, Sh. Ehsani, M. Kozechian, Hو Amiri, M. Designing effective commercialization mechanisms for football clubs in Iran. JRSM (2015); 5 (9):119-130 URL: http://jrsm.khu.ac.ir/article-۱-۲۳۰۰-fa.html
Naderi, M., Ehsani, M., Khabiri, M., Amiri, M., Gharekhaani, H. A Survey of Iran Football Situation and Determination of Iran Football Strategic Position. Sport Management Journal, (2011); 3(9): URL: https://jsm.ut.ac.ir/article_23782.html?lang=fa
Naderi, M., Ehsani, M., Khabiri, M., Amiri, M., Gharekhaani, H. A Survey of Iran Football Situation and Determination of Iran Football Strategic Position. Sport Management Journal, (2011); 3(9): URL: https://jsm.ut.ac.ir/article_23782.html?lang=fa
Torabi, T., Ghorbani, M., Bagheri, M., Tarighi, S. New methods of financing football clubs in developed countries and the developing countries have a comparative study. Journal of Investment Knowledge, (2015); 4, 217-232 URL:https://jik.srbiau.ac.ir/article_7693.html?lang=fa
Torabi, T., Ghorbani, M., Bagheri, M., Tarighi, S. New methods of financing football clubs in developed countries and the developing countries have a comparative study. Journal of Investment Knowledge, (2015); 4, 217-232 URL:https://jik.srbiau.ac.ir/article_7693.html?lang=fa
GHiamirad A, Moharamzadeh M. The Comparison Between Income Channels of Iran and Japan Karate Federations. Reserch on Sport Science [Internet]. (2008);5(17):89-100. URL: https://sid.ir/paper/68169/en
GHiamirad A, Moharamzadeh M. The Comparison Between Income Channels of Iran and Japan Karate Federations. Reserch on Sport Science [Internet]. (2008);5(17):89-100. URL: https://sid.ir/paper/68169/en
https://www2.deloitte.com/content/dam/Deloitte/us/Documents/consumer-business/us-cb-deloitte-football-money-league-2018.pdf
https://www2.deloitte.com/content/dam/Deloitte/us/Documents/consumer-business/us-cb-deloitte-football-money-league-2018.pdf
Elsan M. A Comparative Survey on the Contract for Transferring Broadcasting Rights in Sport Events. CLR 2013; 17 (3):1-24 URL: http://clr.modares.ac.ir/article-20-6215-fa.html
Elsan M. A Comparative Survey on the Contract for Transferring Broadcasting Rights in Sport Events. CLR 2013; 17 (3):1-24 URL: http://clr.modares.ac.ir/article-20-6215-fa.html
Fotros M, Najarzadeh Nooshabadi A. The effects of intellectual property rights on the economies of countries. Economic Journal (Bimonthly Review of Economic Issues and Policies). (2011); 11 (1 - 2): 51-62
Fotros M, Najarzadeh Nooshabadi A. The effects of intellectual property rights on the economies of countries. Economic Journal (Bimonthly Review of Economic Issues and Policies). (2011); 11 (1 - 2): 51-62
URL: http://ejip.ir/article-۱-۱۳۶-fa.html
URL: http://ejip.ir/article-۱-۱۳۶-fa.html
Kanwar, S., & Evenson, R. Does Intellectual Property Protection Spur Technological Change? Oxford Economic; (2003). Papers, 55(2), 235-264. http://www.jstor.org/stable/3488892 [DOI:10.1093/oep/55.2.235]
Kanwar, S., & Evenson, R. Does Intellectual Property Protection Spur Technological Change? Oxford Economic; (2003). Papers, 55(2), 235-264. http://www.jstor.org/stable/3488892 [DOI:10.1093/oep/55.2.235]
Por khsalian, A. Por esmaeel, H. [barresi ghimet ve kifit dastersi be internat dar iran]. markz pajoosh cpehei mojals; (2014) URL: https://rc.majlis.ir/fa/report/show/879513 (In Persian)
Por khsalian, A. Por esmaeel, H. [barresi ghimet ve kifit dastersi be internat dar iran]. markz pajoosh cpehei mojals; (2014) URL: https://rc.majlis.ir/fa/report/show/879513 (In Persian)
Rashid Lamir, A., Montazeri, A., Feizi, S. The Role of Team Identification in Fans Loyalty of Iranian Football Industry. Applied Research in Sport Management, (2018); 7(1): 57-68. 20.1001.1.23455551.1397.7.1.5.4
Rashid Lamir, A., Montazeri, A., Feizi, S. The Role of Team Identification in Fans Loyalty of Iranian Football Industry. Applied Research in Sport Management, (2018); 7(1): 57-68. 20.1001.1.23455551.1397.7.1.5.4
ebrahimipoor, T., Amirnezhad, S., Hosseini, S. E., Kalashi, M. The relationship between brand identity with loyalty of fans of Esteghlal and Persepolis (A Case Study of Mazandaran province). Applied Research in Sport Management, (2016); 5(2): 77-86. 20.1001.1.23455551.1395.5.2.7.4
ebrahimipoor, T., Amirnezhad, S., Hosseini, S. E., Kalashi, M. The relationship between brand identity with loyalty of fans of Esteghlal and Persepolis (A Case Study of Mazandaran province). Applied Research in Sport Management, (2016); 5(2): 77-86. 20.1001.1.23455551.1395.5.2.7.4
Padash D, Sultan H, Mohammad, Kh, Mohammad F; Saeed. Determining and prioritizing the managerial and executive factors affecting the privatization of sports clubs using the AHP method. Sports Management Studies (Research in Sports Sciences) [Internet]. (2012);4(15):47-62. Available from: https://sid.ir/paper/475391/fa
Padash D, Sultan H, Mohammad, Kh, Mohammad F; Saeed. Determining and prioritizing the managerial and executive factors affecting the privatization of sports clubs using the AHP method. Sports Management Studies (Research in Sports Sciences) [Internet]. (2012);4(15):47-62. Available from: https://sid.ir/paper/475391/fa
Keshavarz, L., Farahani, A., Moosavi Jahromi, Y., Faraziani, F. A Model of Attracting Factors of Private Sector Investment in Iran's championship sport. Sport Management and Development, (2017); 5(2): 195-211. URL: https://jsmd.guilan.ac.ir/article_2080.html?lang=fa
Keshavarz, L., Farahani, A., Moosavi Jahromi, Y., Faraziani, F. A Model of Attracting Factors of Private Sector Investment in Iran's championship sport. Sport Management and Development, (2017); 5(2): 195-211. URL: https://jsmd.guilan.ac.ir/article_2080.html?lang=fa
Isiaka, S. B. Motives for Training and Management. Development Journal Asian Social Science, (2011). 7(3), 210-219. DOI:10.5539/ass.v7n3p210 [DOI:10.5539/ass.v7n3p210]
Isiaka, S. B. Motives for Training and Management. Development Journal Asian Social Science, (2011). 7(3), 210-219. DOI:10.5539/ass.v7n3p210 [DOI:10.5539/ass.v7n3p210]
Moradi Chaleshtari, J., Moradi, M. R., Noroozian Ghahfarokhi, S., Jafari, A. The Study of Economic Barriers Influencing Foreign Investment Attraction in I.R. Iran Football Industry. Sport Management Journal, 2013; 5(2): 129-147. [DOI:10.22059/jsm.2013.32171]
Moradi Chaleshtari, J., Moradi, M. R., Noroozian Ghahfarokhi, S., Jafari, A. The Study of Economic Barriers Influencing Foreign Investment Attraction in I.R. Iran Football Industry. Sport Management Journal, 2013; 5(2): 129-147. [DOI:10.22059/jsm.2013.32171]
Gharekhani, H. Investigating the challenges and obstacles to the development of privatization of Iranian football clubs. PhD thesis. Tarbiat Modares University; (2010). URL: https://parseh.modares.ac.ir/thesis/1145012
Gharekhani, H. Investigating the challenges and obstacles to the development of privatization of Iranian football clubs. PhD thesis. Tarbiat Modares University; (2010). URL: https://parseh.modares.ac.ir/thesis/1145012