تاثیر تمرینهای ذهن‌آگاهی بر هماهنگی، کارکردهای اجرایی و مهارت‌های حرکتی تخصصی آتش‌نشانان

نویسندگان

دانشگاه شیراز، بخش علوم ورزشی

چکیده
مقدمه: آتش‌نشانان در مواجهه با شرایط بحرانی و خطرناک، نیازمند عملکرد بهینه و سریع در موقعیت‌های اضطراری هستند. با توجه به پیچیدگی وظایف آن‌ها و فشارهای روانی ناشی از فعالیت‌های روزمره، بررسی روش‌هایی که می‌توانند به بهبود عملکرد و افزایش کارایی آن‌ها کمک کنند، اهمیت ویژه‌ای دارد.

هدف: این پژوهش با هدف تعیین تأثیر تمرینات ذهن‌آگاهی بر هماهنگی، کارکردهای اجرایی و مهارت‌های حرکتی تخصصی آتش‌نشانان انجام شد.

روش کار: پژوهش حاضر از نوع نیمه آزمایشی با طرح پیش‌ و پس‌آزمون با گروه کنترل بود. جامعه آماری شامل آتش‌نشانان ایستگاه‌های آتش‌نشانی استان شیراز بود و ۶ ایستگاه از ۲۴ ایستگاه به روش خوشه‌ای چند مرحله‌ای انتخاب شدند. سی آتش‌نشان پس از همتاسازی در نمرات پیش‌آزمون به صورت تصادفی به دو گروه ۱۵ نفری کنترل و آزمایش تقسیم شدند. گروه تجربی به مدت هشت هفته (هر هفته ۳ جلسه ۳۰ دقیقه‌ای) تمرینات ذهن‌آگاهی را دریافت کردند. ابزارهای ارزیابی شامل آزمون گروود پگبورد، آزمون N-back و آزمون‌های مهارت‌های حرکتی تخصصی آتش‌نشانان بودند. داده‌ها با تحلیل کواریانس تجزیه و تحلیل شدند.

نتایج: نتایج نشان داد که مداخله تمرینات ذهن‌آگاهی تأثیر معناداری بر بهبود عملکرد گروه آزمایش در متغیرهای هماهنگی (p < 0.001)، مهارت‌های حرکتی تخصصی (p = 0.044) و کارکردهای اجرایی (p < 0.001) داشته است. اما در آیتم باز و بست لوله (از متغیرهای مهارت‌های حرکتی تخصصی آتش‌نشانان)، تفاوت معناداری بین عملکرد دو گروه آزمایش و کنترل دیده نشد (p = 0.087).

بحث و نتیجه‌گیری: این پژوهش اهمیت تمرینات ذهن‌آگاهی در ارتقای توانایی‌های کلیدی آتش‌نشانان را نشان می‌دهد و می‌تواند به طراحی برنامه‌های آموزشی مؤثر برای بهبود عملکرد آتش‌نشانان کمک کند.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله English

The impact of mindfulness exercises on coordination, executive functions, and specialized motor skills of firefighters

نویسندگان English

Ali -Akbar Behesht-Aeen
Usef Garmanjni
Gholamhosein Nazemzadegan
Shiraz University, Department of Sports Sciences
چکیده English

Background: Firefighters encounter critical and hazardous situations that necessitate optimal and rapid performance during emergencies. Given the complexity of their responsibilities and the psychological pressures stemming from daily tasks, it is crucial to investigate methods to enhance their performance. This study aimed to assess the impact of mindfulness exercises on the coordination, executive functions, and specialized motor skills of firefighters.

Aim: The study utilized a semi-experimental design with pre-test and post-test assessments.

Methodology: This study was a quasi-experimental design with a pre-test and post-test involving a control group. The statistical population consisted of firefighters from fire stations in Shiraz province, and six stations were selected using a multi-stage cluster sampling method from a total of 24 stations. Thirty firefighters were matched based on their pre-test scores and randomly divided into two groups of 15 each: a control group and an experimental group. The experimental group received mindfulness training for eight weeks, with three 30-minute sessions each week. The assessment tools included the Grooved Pegboard Test, the N-back Test, and specialized motor skill tests for firefighters. The data were analyzed using Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA).

Results: The mindfulness intervention significantly improved the experimental group's performance in coordination (p < 0.001), specialized motor skills (p = 0.044), and executive functions (p < 0.001). However, no significant difference was observed in pipe opening/closing tasks (p = 0.087).

Conclusion: Mindfulness exercises may enhance critical abilities in firefighters and could inform the design of effective training programs.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

working memory
Cognitive Skills
stress
motor efficiency
Motor Skills
1. Khoshakhlagh AH, Sulaie SA, Yazdanirad S, Orr RM, Laal F. Relationships between job stress, post-traumatic stress and musculoskeletal symptoms in firefighters and the role of job burnout and depression mediators: a bayesian network model. BMC public health. 2024;24(1):468. DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-17911-5
2. Mousavipour SS, Sheikhbardsiri H, Golitaleb M, Farahi-Ashtiani I, Yousefi K, Sahebi A. Job stress among Iranian firefighters: a systematic review. Disaster and Emergency Medicine Journal. 2022;7(4):239-44. DOI:10.5603/DEMJ.a2022.0027
3. Arnsten AF. Stress weakens prefrontal networks: molecular insults to higher cognition. Nature neuroscience. 2015;18(10):1376-85. DOI: 10.1038/nn.4087
4. Borzyszkowska A, Basinska MA. TWO TYPES OF FLEXIBILITY: IN COPING AND COGNITIVE, AND THEIR RELATIONSHIP WITH STRESS AMONG FIREFIGHTERS/DWA TYPY ELASTYCZNOSCI--W RADZENIU SOBIE I POZNAWCZA--ORAZ ICH RELACJA Z ODCZUWANYM STRESEM WSROD FUNKCJONARIUSZY STRAZY POZARNEJ. Medycyna pracy. 2020;71(4):441-51. DOI: 10.13075/mp.5893.00928
5. Games KE, Winkelmann ZK, Eberman LE. Physical exertion diminishes static and dynamic balance in firefighters. International Journal of Athletic Therapy and Training. 2020;25(6):318-22. DOI:10.1123/ijatt.2019-0063
6. Lebedeva N, Balakaeva A. Cognitive performance under stress: An experimental study in fire cadets. European Psychiatry. 2021;64(S1):S780-S. DOI:10.1192/j.eurpsy.2021.2065
7. Zare S, Hemmatjo R, Allahyari T, Hajaghazadeh M, Hajivandi A, Aghabeigi M, et al. Comparison of the effect of typical firefighting activities, live fire drills and rescue operations at height on firefighters’ physiological responses and cognitive function. Ergonomics. 2018;61(10):1334-44. DOI: 10.1080/00140139.2018.1484524
8. Button C, Seifert L, Chow JY, Araújo D, Davids K. Dynamics of skill acquisition: An ecological dynamics approach: Human Kinetics Publishers; 2021. DOI:10.5040/9781718214125
9. Di Nota PM, Huhta J-M. Complex motor learning and police training: Applied, cognitive, and clinical perspectives. Frontiers in psychology. 2019;10:1797. DOI:10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01797
10. Miller EK, Cohen JD. An integrative theory of prefrontal cortex function. Annual review of neuroscience. 2001;24(1):167-202. DOI: 10.1146/annurev.neuro.24.1.167
11. Kohler AA, Moore AR, Holland-Winkler AM. The Role of Resistance and Plyometric Training in Firefighter Safety and Performance: A Narrative Review. Physiologia. 2024;4(4):327-40. DOI:10.3390/physiologia4040020
12. Anderson G, Di Nota PM, Metz GA, Andersen JP. The impact of acute stress physiology on skilled motor performance: Implications for policing. Frontiers in psychology. 2019;10:2501. DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02501
13. Wu J, Qiu P, Lv S, Chen M, Li Y. The effects of cognitive-motor dual-task training on athletes’ cognition and motor performance. Frontiers in Psychology. 2024;15:1284787. DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1284787
14. Ngo LV, Nguyen NP, Lee J, Andonopoulos V. Mindfulness and job performance: Does creativity matter? Australasian Marketing Journal. 2020;28(3):117-23. DOI:10.1016/j.ausmj.2019.12.003
15. Slutsky J, Chin B, Raye J, Creswell JD. Mindfulness training improves employee well-being: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of occupational health psychology. 2019;24(1):139. DOI: 10.1037/ocp0000132
16. Lebares CC, Guvva EV, Olaru M, Sugrue LP, Staffaroni AM, Delucchi KL, et al. Efficacy of mindfulness-based cognitive training in surgery: additional analysis of the mindful surgeon pilot randomized clinical trial. JAMA network open. 2019;2(5):e194108-e. DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.4108
17. Wolfe EC, Thompson AG, Brunyé TT, Caroline Davis F, Grover D, Haga Z, et al. Ultra-brief training in cognitive reappraisal or mindfulness reduces anxiety and improves motor performance efficiency under stress. Anxiety, Stress, & Coping. 2023;36(5):555-76. DOI: 10.1080/10615806.2022.2162890 Abstract
18. Tang Y-Y, Hölzel BK, Posner MI. The neuroscience of mindfulness meditation. Nature reviews neuroscience. 2015;16(4):213-25. DOI: 10.1038/nrn3916
19. Liu Z, Hoff K, Baranski E, Snyder G, Flin R, Lindner P, et al. Mindfulness and workplace safety: An integrative review. Journal of organizational behavior. 2023;44(8):1263-82. DOI:10.1002/job.2705
20. De Fano A, Leshem R, Ben-Soussan TD. Creating an internal environment of cognitive and psycho-emotional well-being through an external movement-based environment: an overview of Quadrato Motor Training. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2019;16(12):2160. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16122160
21. Schmalzl L, Powers C, Henje Blom E. Neurophysiological and neurocognitive mechanisms underlying the effects of yoga-based practices: towards a comprehensive theoretical framework. Frontiers in human neuroscience. 2015;9:235. DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2015.00235
22. Calderone A, Latella D, Impellizzeri F, de Pasquale P, Famà F, Quartarone A, et al. Neurobiological Changes Induced by Mindfulness and Meditation: A Systematic Review. Biomedicines. 2024;12(11):2613. DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12112613
23. Lutz A, Slagter HA, Dunne JD, Davidson RJ. Attention regulation and monitoring in meditation. Trends in cognitive sciences. 2008;12(4):163-9. DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2008.01.005
24. Magill R, Anderson DI. Motor learning and control: McGraw-Hill Publishing New York; 2010.
25. Joyce S, Shand F, Lal TJ, Mott B, Bryant RA, Harvey SB. Resilience@ Work mindfulness program: results from a cluster randomized controlled trial with first responders. Journal of medical Internet research. 2019;21(2):e12894. DOI: 10.2196/12894
26. Denkova E, Zanesco AP, Rogers SL, Jha AP. Is resilience trainable? An initial study comparing mindfulness and relaxation training in firefighters. Psychiatry research. 2020;285:112794. DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112794
27. Maglione MA, Chen C, Bialas A, Motala A, Chang J, Akinniranye G, et al. Stress control for military, law enforcement, and first responders: A systematic review. Rand health quarterly. 2022;9(3):20. DOI:10.7249/RR-A119-3
28. Segal Z, Williams M, Teasdale J. Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for depression: Guilford press; 2012.
29. Marx R, Strauss C, Williamson C. The eye of the storm: a feasibility study of an adapted Mindfulness-based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) group intervention to manage NHS staff stress. The Cognitive Behaviour Therapist. 2014;7:e18. DOI:10.1017/S1754470X14000300
30. Canady BE, Zullig KJ, Brumage MR, Goerling R. Intensive mindfulness-based resilience training in first responders: a pilot study. Health Behavior and Policy Review. 2021;8(1):60-70. DOI:10.14485/HBPR.8.1.6
31. Lindberg A-S, Oksa J, Malm C. Laboratory or field tests for evaluating firefighters' work capacity? PloS one. 2014;9(3):e91215. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0091215
32. Garmanjani U, Rostami R, Nazemzadegan G. Comparison of hand-eye coordination in high school and conservatory students. International Journal of Motor Control and Learning. 2023;5(1):10-5. DOI:‎ 10.52547/ijmcl.5.1.10
33. Chiesa A, Calati R, Serretti A. Does mindfulness training improve cognitive abilities? A systematic review of neuropsychological findings. Clinical psychology review. 2011;31(3):449-64. DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2010.11.003
34. Toups Dugas PO, Kerne A, editors. Implicit coordination in firefighting practice: design implications for teaching fire emergency responders. Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems; 2007. DOI:10.1145/1240624.1240734
35. Voshell M, Trent S, Prue B, Fern LC, editors. Cultivating Resilience in Urban Firefighting: supporting skill acquisition through scenario design. Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting; 2008: SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA. DOI:10.1177/154193120805200447
36. Lazar SW, Kerr CE, Wasserman RH, Gray JR, Greve DN, Treadway MT, et al. Meditation experience is associated with increased cortical thickness. neuroreport. 2005;16(17):1893-7. DOI: 10.1097/01.wnr.0000186598.66243.19
37. Straus E, Sherman E, Spreen O. A compendium of neuropsychological tests: administration, norms, and commentary. American journal of hypnosis. 2006:267-70. DOI:10.1080/09084280701280502
38. Instrument L. Grooved Pegboard user’s manual. PO Box. 2015;5729.
39. Rostami, R., Nazemzadegan, G., & Garmanjani, Y. (2024). Norming of the Grooved Pegboard Test in male high school students. Journal of Sports Management and Motor Behavior. ( in persian)
40. Romini N, Rad H, Asaseh, Vahid K. The effectiveness of an executive function training program on working memory, response inhibition, and selective attention of students with intellectual disabilities. Scientific Journal of Psychology Growth. 2024; 13(10): 81-90.( in persian)
41. Röthlin P, Birrer D. Mental training in group settings: Intervention protocols of a mindfulness and acceptance-based and a psychological skills training program. Journal of Sport Psychology in Action. 2020;11(2):103-14. DOI:10.1080/21520704.2018.1557771
42. Kabat-Zinn J. Mindfulness-based interventions in context: past, present, and future. 2003. DOI:10.1093/clipsy.bpg016
43. Buuck S, Voll S, Jansen P. The effect of physical activity breaks, including motor-cognitive coordination exercises, on employees’ cognitive functions in the workplace. Work. 2023;74(4):1447-60. DOI: 10.3233/WOR-211206
44. Marquardt N, Krämer L, Schürmann V. Mental preparation strategies and firefighter’s performance under stress. International Journal of Safety and Security Engineering. 2019;9(4):332-43. DOI:10.2495/SAFE-V9-N4-332-343
45. McLennan J, Strickland R, Omodei M, Suss J. Stress and wildland firefighter safety-related decisions and actions. Human factors challenges in emergency management: CRC Press; 2017. p. 19-34. DOI:10.1201/9781315587349-2
46. Daylamani-Zad D, Spyridonis F, Al-Khafaaji K. A framework and serious game for decision making in stressful situations; a fire evacuation scenario. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies. 2022;162:102790. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhcs.2022.102790
47. Goldin PR, Gross JJ. Effects of mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) on emotion regulation in social anxiety disorder. Emotion. 2010;10(1):83. DOI: 10.1037/a0018
48. Kelso JS. Dynamic patterns: The self-organization of brain and behavior: MIT press; 1995.
49. Mayer RE. Applying the science of learning. 2011. DOI:10.1016/B978-0-12-387691-1.00003-X
50. Dziego CA, Bornkessel-Schlesewsky I, Schlesewsky M, Sinha R, Immink MA, Cross ZR. Augmenting complex and dynamic performance through mindfulness-based cognitive training: An evaluation of training adherence, trait mindfulness, personality and resting-state EEG. Plos one. 2024;19(5):e0292501. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0292501
51. Fitts PM, Posner MI. Human performance. 1967.
52. Jha AP, Morrison AB, Dainer-Best J, Parker S, Rostrup N, Stanley EA. Minds “at attention”: DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0116889
Mindfulness training curbs attentional lapses in military cohorts. PloS one. 2015;10(2):e0116889.
53. Wulf G. Attentional focus and motor learning: a review of 15 years. International Review of sport and Exercise psychology. 2013;6(1):77-104. DOI: 10.1080/1750984X.2012.723728.
54. Smith TD, Hughes K, DeJoy DM, Dyal M-A. Assessment of relationships between work stress, work-family conflict, burnout and firefighter safety behavior outcomes. Safety science. 2018;103:287-92. DOI:10.1016/j.ssci.2017.12.005
55. Schmidt RA, Lee TD, Winstein C, Wulf G, Zelaznik HN. Motor control and learning: A behavioral emphasis: Human kinetics; 2018.