پژوهش در مدیریت ورزشی و رفتار حرکتی

اثر القاء کلیشه‌های مثبت بر شایستگی ادراک‌شده، علاقه و یادگیری مهارت فوتبال در دختران نوجوان

نوع مقاله : مقاله علمی-پژوهشی

نویسندگان

فاطمه جوکار 1
داوود فاضلی 2

1 دانش‌آموخته رفتار حرکتی، دانشگاه شیراز.

2 استادیار بخش علوم ورزشی (رفتار حرکتی)، دانشگاه شیراز.

10.22034/jrsm.2026.7003
چکیده
هدف: کلیشه‌های جنسیتی می‌توانند بر انگیزش، عملکرد و یادگیری حرکتی اثر بگذارند. با وجود شواهد فراوان درباره تهدید کلیشه‌ای، اثر کلیشه‌های مثبت بر یادگیری حرکتی کمتر بررسی شده است. هدف پژوهش حاضر بررسی تأثیر القای کلیشه جنسیتی مثبت بر یادگیری مهارت پاس بغل‌پا، شایستگی ادراک‌شده و علاقه/لذت در دختران نوجوان ۱۰ تا ۱۳ ساله بود.
روش‌شناسی: پژوهش نیمه‌تجربی با طرح پیش‌آزمون، اکتساب و یادداری انجام شد. ۳۰ دختر مبتدی (میانگین سنی ۲/۱۱±۱/۱) به‌صورت تصادفی به گروه کلیشه مثبت و کنترل (هر گروه ۱۵ نفر) تقسیم شدند. تکلیف شامل پاس بغل‌پا به هدف پنج ناحیه‌ای در فاصله ۷ متر بود. پس از پیش‌آزمون (۱۰ کوشش)، گروه کلیشه مثبت پیام القایی دریافت کرد مبنی بر اینکه دختران معمولاً در این تکلیف بهتر از پسران عمل می‌کنند؛ گروه کنترل پیام کلیشه‌ای دریافت نکرد. اکتساب شامل ۵۰ کوشش و آزمون یادداری ۲۴ ساعت بعد شامل ۱۰ کوشش بود. شایستگی ادراک‌شده و علاقه/لذت با پرسش‌نامه انگیزش درونی اندازه‌گیری شد. داده‌ها با ANOVA مرکب و ANCOVA تحلیل شدند.
یافته‌ها: در اکتساب، اثر بلوک تمرین معنی‌دار بود (بهبود هر دو گروه)، اما اثر گروه و تعامل معنی‌دار نبود. در یادداری، گروه کلیشه مثبت پس از کنترل پیش‌آزمون عملکرد بهتری داشت (P=0.005). همچنین شایستگی ادراک‌شده در یادداری در گروه کلیشه مثبت بالاتر بود (P=0.03)، اما علاقه/لذت تفاوتی نشان نداد.
بحث و نتیجه‌گیری: القای کلیشه جنسیتی مثبت می‌تواند یادگیری حرکتی دختران نوجوان را بهبود دهد و احتمالاً از طریق تقویت شایستگی ادراک‌شده عمل کند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

کلیشه جنسیتی
کلیشه مثبت
یادگیری حرکتی
فوتبال
شایستگی ادراک‌شده
دختران نوجوان
موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

The effect of inducing positive stereotypes on perceived competence, interest and learning soccer skill in adolescent girls

نویسندگان English

fatemeh jookar 1
davoud fazeli 2
1 Graduated from master's degree in motor behavior (motor learning and control), Shiraz University
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Sports Sciences, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, Shiraz University
چکیده English

Aim: Football is often stereotypically viewed as a masculine activity, which can undermine female performance. While negative stereotype threat is well-documented, the impact of positive stereotypes (stereotype boost) on motor learning remains less explored. This study investigated the effects of positive gender stereotype induction on perceived competence, interest, enjoyment, and the learning of a football passing skill in adolescent girls.
Methodology: In a quasi-experimental design, thirty novice adolescent girls (aged 10-13) were randomly assigned to either a positive stereotype group (n=15) or a control group (n=15). The task involved an inside-foot football pass toward a marked target. After a pretest (10 trials), the positive stereotype group received instructions suggesting girls typically outperform boys in this task, while the control group received no such information. Both groups completed an acquisition phase (50 trials). A retention test was conducted 24 hours later to assess motor learning. Perceived competence and interest/enjoyment were measured using the Intrinsic Motivation Inventory (IMI).
Results: Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) revealed that the positive stereotype group achieved significantly higher accuracy scores in the retention test compared to the control group (P = 0.005). Furthermore, the positive stereotype group reported significantly higher perceived competence during the retention phase (P = 0.03). No significant differences were found between groups regarding interest and enjoyment.
Conclusion: Inducing positive gender stereotypes can enhance motor learning and strengthen perceived competence in adolescent girls. These findings suggest that fostering favorable social expectations can serve as a motivational tool to facilitate skill acquisition in gender-stereotyped sports.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Stereotype Boost
Perceived Competence
Motor Learning
Football
Adolescent Girls

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  • تاریخ دریافت 05 اسفند 1404
  • تاریخ بازنگری 22 اردیبهشت 1405
  • تاریخ پذیرش 26 خرداد 1405
  • تاریخ انتشار 10 تیر 1405