ترسیم چشم‌انداز جنسیتی ورزش: بازنمایی‌های اجتماعی و طبقه‌بندی جنسیتی فعالیت‌های ورزشی در ‌دانشجویان یک دانشگاه جامع ایرانی

نویسندگان

چکیده
هدف: پژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسی ادراک دانشجویان ایرانی از طبقه‌بندی جنسیتی فعالیت‌های ورزشی و تحلیل میزان توافق جمعی در این بازنمایی‌های اجتماعی انجام شد.

روش‌شناسی: در این مطالعه توصیفی‌تحلیلی، ۱۹۱ دانشجو (۱۰۳ زن، ۸۸ مرد) با میانگین سنی ۶۱/۲۳ (انحراف استاندارد = ۰۴/۵) سال به‌صورت داوطلبانه مشارکت کردند. ابزار پژوهش، پرسشنامه‌ای شامل ۲۵ رشته ورزشی با مقیاس لیکرت ۷ درجه‌ای (از کاملاً زنانه تا کاملاً مردانه) بود. برای تحلیل داده‌ها از آزمون یو من
ویتنی جهت مقایسه بین‌گروهی و ضریب همبستگی درون‌طبقه‌ای (ICC) برای سنجش میزان توافق استفاده شد.

یافته‌ها: نتایج نشان داد ۱۱ رشته در دسته مردانه، ۱۰ رشته در دسته خنثی و چهار رشته در دسته زنانه قرار گرفتند. اگرچه الگوی کلی طبقه‌بندی در هر دو جنس مشابه بود، مردان به‌طور معناداری فعالیت‌ها را مردانه‌تر از زنان ارزیابی کردند (
p < .001). برخلاف پیش‌بینی‌ها، میزان توافق کلی پایین بود (ICC = 0.13)و این میزان در مردان (ICC = 0.13) بیشتر از زنان (ICC = 0.07) بود، درحالی‌که بیشترین توافق مربوط به ارزیابی زنان از ورزش‌های زنانه بود (ICC = 0.53).

نتیجه‌گیری: یافته‌ها نشان‌دهنده همزمانی وجود الگوهای نسبتاً پایدار طبقه‌بندی و سطح پایین اجماع فردی است. این الگو بیانگر نوعی ناهمگونی در درونی‌سازی بازنمایی کلیشه‌های جنسیتی میان دانشجویان است. نوآوری پژوهش حاضر در ترکیب تحلیل طبقه‌بندی با شاخص‌های توافق نهفته است که نشان می‌دهد اتکا صرف به مطالعه میانگین‌ها بدون در نظر گرفتن میزان اجماع اجتماعی، تصویر ناقصی از پویایی‌های جنسیتی ارائه می‌دهد. این نتایج بر ضرورت توجه به شاخص توافق در مطالعات جنسیت و ورزش تأکید دارد.


کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله English

Mapping the Gendered Landscape of Sport: Social ‎Representations and Gender Classification of Sport Activities ‎among Students of a Comprehensive Iranian University

نویسندگان English

Hamid Salehi
Fatima Heidarinasab
چکیده English

Objective: The present study aimed to investigate Iranian university students’ perceptions of the gender categorization of sporting activities and to analyze the level of consensus/consensus within these social representations. Methods: In this descriptive-analytical study, 191 university students (103 women; M = 23.61, SD = 5.04 years) voluntarily participated. The instrument consisted of a questionnaire containing 25 sports activities, rated on a 7-point Likert scale (ranging from "strictly feminine" to "strictly masculine"). Data were analyzed using the Mann–Whitney U test for between-group comparisons and the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) to assess agreement. Results: Eleven activities were classified as masculine, 10 as neutral, and 4 as feminine. Although the overall classification pattern was similar across genders, men rated activities as significantly more masculine than women (p < .001). Contrary to predictions, the overall level of agreement was low (ICC = 0.13), with higher agreement among men (ICC = 0.13) than women (ICC = 0.07). The highest level of agreement was observed among women in evaluating feminine sports (ICC = 0.53). Conclusion: The findings indicate the simultaneous existence of relatively stable categorization patterns alongside a low level of individual consensus. This pattern suggests some heterogeneity in students' internalization of gender stereotypes. The innovation of this study lies in combining categorization analysis with agreement indices, demonstrating that relying solely on mean scores without considering social consensus provides an incomplete picture of gender dynamics. These results underscore the necessity of incorporating consensus indices into gender and sport studies as a marker of cultural transition.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Gender Stereotypes
gender typing of sport
inter-individual agreement
Iran
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