پژوهش در مدیریت ورزشی و رفتار حرکتی

تأثیر توجه در حین الگودهی بر یادگیری تکلیف هدف‌گیری کودکان: مقایسه دستورالعمل‌های کلامی و برجسته‌سازی ادراکی

نویسندگان

شهروز شادروز 1
فاطمه رضایی 2
ایوب اسدی 3

1 کارشناسی ارشد رفتارحرکتی، دانشکده علوم انسانی، دانشگاه سمنان، ایران.

2 استادیار رفتارحرکتی، دانشکده علوم انسانی، دانشگاه سمنان، سمنان، ایران.

3 دکتری رفتار حرکتی، دانشکده تربیت بدنی و علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.

چکیده
هدف از این پژوهش تعیین تأثیر هدایت توجه به صورت دستورالعمل کلامی و برجسته سازی ادراکی در حین الگودهی بر یادگیری مهارت هدف گیری کودکان بود. پژوهش حاضر از نوع پژوهش‌های نیمه تجربی با طرح پیش آزمون-پس آزمون بود. تعداد 60 نفر دانش‌آموز پسر بین 7 تا 10 سال از مدارس ابتدایی شهر بجنورد به صورت هدفمند انتخاب شدند. ابزار پژوهش حاضرشامل تعدادی نمایشگر ویدئویی، ردیاب بینایی، توپ تنیس، یک سیبل به فاصله 3 متری از خط محل پرتاب بر روی دیوار بود. شرکت کنندگان به چهار گروه تمرین کانون توجه درونی-الگودهی از طریق دستورالعمل، کانون توجه بیرونی-الگودهی از طریق دستورالعمل، کانون توجه درونی-الگودهی از طریق برجسته سازی ادراکی و کانون توجه بیرونی-الگودهی از طریق برجسته سازی ادراکی تقسیم شدند. هر 4 گروه، در مرحله اکتساب، طی 5 جلسه و هر جلسه 3 بلوک 10 تایی شامل 30 پرتاب بالای شانه را با توپ تنیس اجرا کردند و در انتهای هر جلسه از آنان آزمون بعمل آمد و امتیازات آنها توسط آزمونگر ثبت شد. آزمون یادداری نیز به فاصله 36 ساعت بی­تمرینی اجرا شد. داده ها با استفاده از آزمون تحلیل واریانس دوراهه به منظور بررسی اثر هدایت توجه با دستورالعمل کلامی و برجسته سازی ادراکی بر یادگیری حرکتی در چهار گروه در مراحل مختلف آزمون استفاده گردید. یافته های پژوهش نشان داد که دو گروه برجسته سازی ادراکی با هدایت توجه (درونی/بیرونی) در مرحله اکتساب (P=0/005) و یادداری (P=0/006) نسبت به دو گروه دستورالعمل کلامی با سطح معناداری(P≤0/05) عملکرد بهتری داشتند. بنابراین استفاده از برجسته سازی ادراکی اثرات یادگیری مشاهده‌ای را مضاعف می‌کند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

کانون توجه
الگودهی
دستورالعمل کلامی
برجسته سازی ادراکی
کودکان

عنوان مقاله English

The Effect Of Attention During Modeling On Children Learning Aiming Task: Comparison Of Verbal Instructions And Perceptual Highlighting

نویسندگان English

shahrooz shadrooz 1
fatemeh rezaei 2
Ayub Asadi 3
1 Master of Science in Motor Behavior, Faculty of Humanities, Semnan University, Iran.
2 Assistant Professor of Motor Behavior, Faculty of Humanities, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran.
3 PhD in Motor Behavior, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده English

This research aimed to determine the effect of directing attention in the form of verbal instructions and perceptual highlighting during modeling on children's learning of targeting skills. The current research was a semi-experimental type of research with a pre-test-post-test design. 60 male students between 7 and 10 years of age were selected purposefully from Bojnord primary schools. Current research tools included a number of video monitors, a vision tracker, a tennis ball, and a sable at a distance of 3 meters from the line of the throwing place on the wall. Subjects were divided into four training groups: internal focus modeling through instructions, external focus modeling through instructions, internal focus modeling through perceptual highlighting, and external focus modeling through perceptual highlighting. In the acquisition phase, all 4 groups performed 3 blocks of 10 each including 30 over-the-shoulder throws with a tennis ball during 5 sessions, and at the end of each session, they were tested and their scores were recorded by the examiner. The memory test was also performed after 36 hours of non-training. The data were used using the analysis of variance of the intersection test to investigate the effect of directing attention with verbal instructions and perceptual highlighting on motor learning in four groups at different test stages. Research results show that the two groups of perceptual highlighting with attention guidance (internal/external) in the phase of acquisition (P=0.005) and memorization (P=0.006) compared to the two groups of verbal instructions with Significant level (P<0.05) had better performance. Therefore, the use of perceptual highlighting doubles the effects of observational learning.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Focus
Observational Patterning
Verbal instruction
Perceptual Highlighting
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