نقش سرمایه‌گذاری مجدد حرکت در یادگیری و خودکاری مهارت بر اساس مدل تداخل-خطا

نویسنده

دانشگاه دامغان

چکیده
هدف این پژوهش، مطالعه نقش سرمایه‌­گذاری مجدد حرکت بالا و پایین بر اکتساب، یادداری و خودکاری مهارت پرتاب دارت در بر اساس مدل تداخل-خطا بود. تعداد 100 دانشجوی کارشناسی انتخاب و بر اساس مقیاس سرمایه­‌گذاری مجدد­ حرکت به دوطبقه بالا و پایین تقسیم شدند. افراد هر طبقه به‌طور تصادفی در پنج گروه مسدود-کم­‌خطا، مسدود-پرخطا، تصادفی-کم­‌خطا، تصادفی-پرخطا و تصادفی قرار گرفتند. نتایج نشان داد، گروه تصادفی-کم‌خطا و تصادفی-پرخطا به ترتیب بهترین و بدترین عملکرد را نسبت به سایر گروه­ها از خود به نمایش گذاشتند. تفاوت بین دو گروه سرمایه‌­گذاری مجدد بالا و پایین در آزمون یادداری و خودکاری معنی­‌دار و به نفع سرمایه‌­گذاری مجدد پایین بود. در آزمون­های اکتساب و یادداری، گروه­های مسدود در طبقه سرمایه­‌گذاری مجدد بالا و گروه­های تصادفی در طبقه سرمایه‌گذاری مجدد پایین، عملکرد بهتری داشتند. نتایج در مرحله خودکاری متفاوت و در تمام گروه­ها به نفع سرمایه­‌گذاری مجدد پایین بود. نتایج این پژوهش، نشان می‌­دهد، سطح سرمایه­‌گذاری مجدد افراد می­‌تواند نقش مهمی در یادگیری و خودکاری مهارت­‌های حرکتی داشته باشد. افراد با سطح سرمایه­‌گذاری مجدد کمتر، در شرایط تمرینی با تلاش شناختی بیش­تر (تمرین تصادفی) و افراد با سطح سرمایه­‌گذاری مجدد بالاتر، در شرایط تمرینی با تلاش شناختی کمتر (تمرین مسدود) عملکرد بهتری دارند.


کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله English

The Role Of Movement Reinvestment In Learning And Automaticity Of Skill Based On The Interference-Error Model

نویسنده English

Hesam Ramezanzade
Damghan University
چکیده English

The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of high and low reinvestment in the acquisition, retention and automaticity of dart throwing skill based on the interference-error model. One hundred participants were selected and divided into two categories of high and low movement reinvestment. Subjects of each category were randomly divided into five groups: block-errorless, block-errorfull, random-errorless, random-errorfull and random. Based on the results, the best and worst performance was observed for the random-errorless and random-errorfull groups respectively. There was a significant difference between categories of high and low reinvestment in retention and automaticity tests in favor of low reinvestment. In both the acquisition and retention test, the block groups performed better in the high reinvestment category and the random groups performed better in the low reinvestment category. At the automaticity phase, all groups executed better in the low reinvestment category. The results show that the level of reinvestment can play an important role in learning and automaticity of motor skills. People with lower level of reinvestment perform better in practice conditions with more cognitive effort (random practice) and people with a higher level of reinvestment perform better in practice conditions with less cognitive effort (block practice).

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Movement Reinvestment
Errorless practice
Contextual interference
Automaticity
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Masters RSW, Maxwell JP. Implicit motor learning, reinvestment and movement disruption: What you don't know won't hurt you? In A.M. Williams & N.J. Hodges (Eds.) Skill Acquisition in Sport: Research, Theory and Practice (pp. 207-228). 1, editor. London: Routledge; 2004.
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Masters RSW, Maxwell JP. The theory of reinvestment. International. Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology. 2008; 1:160-83. [DOI:10.1080/17509840802287218]
Masters RSW, Maxwell JP. The theory of reinvestment. International. Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology. 2008; 1:160-83. [DOI:10.1080/17509840802287218]
Masters RSW. Knowledge, knerves and know-how: the role of explicit versus implicit knowledge in the breakdown of a complex motor skill under pressure. British Journal of Psychology. 1992;83:343-58. [DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8295.1992.tb02446.x]
Masters RSW. Knowledge, knerves and know-how: the role of explicit versus implicit knowledge in the breakdown of a complex motor skill under pressure. British Journal of Psychology. 1992;83:343-58. [DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8295.1992.tb02446.x]
Mor N, Winquist J. Self-focused attention and negative affect: A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin. 2002;128:638-62. [DOI:10.1037/0033-2909.128.4.638]
Mor N, Winquist J. Self-focused attention and negative affect: A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin. 2002;128:638-62. [DOI:10.1037/0033-2909.128.4.638]
Hamilton NA, Ingram RE. Self focusing attention and coping: Attending to the right things. In C.R. Snyder (Ed.) Coping with stress: Effective people and processes (pp. 178-95). Oxford, University Press. 2001.
Hamilton NA, Ingram RE. Self focusing attention and coping: Attending to the right things. In C.R. Snyder (Ed.) Coping with stress: Effective people and processes (pp. 178-95). Oxford, University Press. 2001.
Beilock SL, Carr TH. On the fragility of skilled performance: What governs choking under pressure? Journal of Experimental Psychology: General. 2001;130:701-25. [DOI:10.1037//0096-3445.130.4.701]
Beilock SL, Carr TH. On the fragility of skilled performance: What governs choking under pressure? Journal of Experimental Psychology: General. 2001;130:701-25. [DOI:10.1037//0096-3445.130.4.701]
Dietrich A. Neurocognitive mechanisms underlying the experience of flow. Consciousness and Cognition. 2004;13:746-61. [DOI:10.1016/j.concog.2004.07.002]
Dietrich A. Neurocognitive mechanisms underlying the experience of flow. Consciousness and Cognition. 2004;13:746-61. [DOI:10.1016/j.concog.2004.07.002]
Carver CS, Scheier MF. On the self-regulation of behavior. 1, editor. New York: Cambridge, University Press; 1998. [DOI:10.1017/CBO9781139174794]
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