تأثیر روش‌های یادگیری قیاسی و آشکار بر پیش‌بینی سرویس چکشی والیبال تحت شرایط خستگی پیرامونی

نوع مقاله : مقاله علمی-پژوهشی

نویسندگان

گروه رفتار حرکتی، دانشکده تربیت‌بدنی و علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه خوارزمی تهران، تهران، ایران.

10.22034/jrsm.2026.6979
چکیده
مقدمه و هدف: پیش‌بینی صحیح سرویس حریف در والیبال، به‌ویژه در شرایط خستگی، نقش مهمی در عملکرد موفق بازیکنان دارد. یکی از راهبردهای پیشنهادی برای ارتقای مهارت‌های پیش‌بینی، استفاده از روش‌های مختلف یادگیری از جمله یادگیری قیاسی و یادگیری آشکار است. هدف پژوهش حاضر، بررسی تأثیر دو روش یادگیری قیاسی و آشکار بر مهارت پیش‌بینی سرویس والیبال در شرایط خستگی بود.
روش: در این پژوهش نیمه‌تجربی، 40 دانشجوی دختر 18 تا 24 سال به‌صورت نمونه‌گیری در دسترس انتخاب و به‌طور تصادفی در چهار گروه «یادگیری آشکار سرحال»، «یادگیری آشکار خسته»، «یادگیری قیاسی سرحال» و «یادگیری قیاسی خسته» تقسیم شدند. گروه یادگیری قیاسی از روش شبیه‌سازی مهارت و گروه یادگیری آشکار از روش سنتی برای اجرای سرویس چکشی والیبال استفاده کردند. برای القای خستگی از پروتکل لیونز استفاده شد. به‌منظور سنجش دقت و سرعت پیش‌بینی، از نرم‌افزار SuperLab بهره گرفته شد. داده‌ها با آزمون آنالیز واریانس دو‌راهه تحلیل گردید.
یافته‌ها: نتایج نشان داد اثر اصلی خستگی، نوع تمرین و اثر تعاملی خستگی–تمرین بر سرعت پیش‌بینی در کوشش‌های صحیح و نیز بر سرعت پیش‌بینی در کوشش‌های اشتباه معنی‌دار نبود. بااین‌حال، اثر تعاملی خستگی–تمرین بر دقت پیش‌بینی در کوشش‌های صحیح (002/0p=) و اثر نوع تمرین بر دقت پیش‌بینی در کوشش‌های اشتباه (019/0p=) معنی‌دار بود.
نتیجه‌گیری: به نظر می‌رسد تأثیر خستگی بر دقت پیش‌بینی سرویس والیبال به نوع الگوی یادگیری اتخاذشده بستگی دارد و یادگیری قیاسی در مقایسه با یادگیری آشکار می‌تواند در حفظ دقت پیش‌بینی در شرایط خستگی کارآمدتر باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

Impact Of Explicit And Implicit Learning Methods On The Anticipation Of Volleyball Hammer Service In Time Under Peripheral Fatigue

نویسندگان English

Motahare Sadat Fanian
Rasoul Yaali
Farhade Ghadiri
Department of Motor Behavior, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Kharazmi University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده English

Background and Aim: Accurate anticipation of the opponent’s serve in volleyball, particularly under fatigue, is crucial for successful performance. Different instructional approaches, such as analogy learning and explicit learning, have been proposed to enhance anticipatory skills. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of analogy and explicit learning methods on volleyball serve anticipation under fatigue.
Methods:In this quasi-experimental study, 40 female students aged 18–24 years were selected using convenience sampling and randomly assigned to four groups: explicit learning–nonfatigued, explicit learning–fatigued, analogy learning–nonfatigued, and analogy learning–fatigued. The analogy learning groups practiced the overhand (hammer) serve using a skill-simulation (analogy) approach, whereas the explicit learning groups were instructed using a traditional, technique-focused method. Fatigue was induced using the Lyons protocol. Anticipation accuracy and response time were recorded via SuperLab software. Data were analyzed using two-way analysis of variance.
Results: The main effects of fatigue, practice type, and the fatigue × practice interaction on anticipation speed in correct trials, as well as on anticipation speed in incorrect trials, were not statistically significant. However, the fatigue × practice interaction effect on anticipation accuracy in correct trials (p=0/002)and the main effect of practice type on anticipation accuracy in incorrect trials (P=0/019)were statistically significant.
Conclusion: The impact of fatigue on anticipation accuracy appears to depend on the adopted learning method. Analogy learning may help maintain the accuracy of volleyball serve anticipation under fatigued conditions more effectively than explicit learning.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Analogy learning
explicit learning
Exhaustion
Verbal instruction
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  • تاریخ دریافت 16 بهمن 1404
  • تاریخ بازنگری 26 اردیبهشت 1405
  • تاریخ پذیرش 16 خرداد 1405
  • تاریخ انتشار 10 تیر 1405